An Analysis of Moll Flanders Essay -- Moll Flanders Essays

An Analysis of Moll Flanders  The epic is about the sensible encounters of a lady in the black market of eighteenth century London. She is unknown, Moll Flanders being a nom de plume she embraces when she needs an elective character for her criminal life.  She has no family, having been deserted by her own mom - a moved criminal, and her childhood, instruction, social position and material well - being are for the most part continually shaky.  She lives in an antagonistic, urban world, which takes into consideration no shortcoming. Social position and riches are the prevailing variables for endurance. She has neither and her life is a battle to accomplish both. She is cunning and continuing on, consistently aware of chance and she endures and gets rich, albeit after a real existence loaded with trouble, a lot of it of her own creation.  Defoe's epic gives us an away from of every day life and the tensions orderly on monetary and social vulnerability and he shows an away from of female points of interest, in a criminal world. Defoe himself was a 'pariah'. A Londoner who regularly needed to live by his brains, sought after by loan bosses and investing energy in Newgate jail for obligation. His own trustworthiness was now and again rather questionable.  He composes precise social history in an anecdotal structure. The social subtleties in 'Moll Flanders' are precise, even those set in Virginia and the novel is additionally strategically and monetarily organized.  The subjects of the novel, to some extent, are offense, apology and reclamation, which are not out of the ordinary, given Defoe's Dissenting foundation. Moll's fortunes don't thrive in the 'Babylon' of London, yet in Virginia, in the 'New' world. Maybe Defoe was proposing, similar to hello there... ...ly honest, in spite of her experiences and her picked way of life as an ace lawbreaker. Defoe shows us the different sides of her character in steady restriction. From one viewpoint, she can be frugal, cold and effective and on the other, careless, energized and intense. She is rarely dull. Once more, Defoe makes no ethical judgment, however leaves the peruser to make his own.  The tale is organized with the goal that we see a progression of spoofs of deplorable circumstances, which regularly become practically unusual in their comic foolishness. Moll now and then carries on harshly, or even in a totally insensitive way, yet Defoe's champion is rarely detestable, excitedly pushing starting with one experience then onto the next. The tale has a profound power of understanding. Moll's feelings, also are blended and shaky, yet she generally perceives and verbalizes them, regardless of whether she doesn't show total comprehension of them.

Lgbt Diversity And Lgbt Community Essay Example For Students

Lgbt Diversity And Lgbt Community Essay Network is a wide term, yet it would be best portrayed as a â€Å"feeling of friendship with others, because of sharing regular mentalities, interests, and goals.† The LGBT Community is the joining of lesbian, gay, swinger, and transgender individuals and their supporters, to praise independence, sexuality, and assorted variety. What's more, the LGBT people group effectively battles for equivalent rights and requires a conclusion to sexual-direction based segregation. The LGBT Community is comprised of individuals from all races, financial, strict and non-strict, and age foundations. The LGBT people group bolsters each of the three presumptions, and furthermore to some degree challenge suspicions two three. Despite the fact that the LGBT people group is tolerating of kinds of individuals, numerous individuals on the planet today despite everything can't help contradicting LGBT convictions. Savagery and separation is something the LGBT people group, particularly transgender ladies of shading, must face on a day by day basis. LGBT rights associations and care groups make up a significant segment of what the LGBT people group can offer its individuals. As per Catherine Latterell, the creator of Remix, Assumption 1 is that networks give strength. It is clear that LGBT people group without a doubt bolsters this announcement. Associations like the Trevor Project and GLAAD work to â€Å"amplify the voice of the LGBT people group by enabling genuine individuals to share their accounts. † (GLAAD) According to the Trevor Project, lesbian, gay, and cross-sexual youth are multiple times almost certain, and addressing youth are multiple times more probable, to endeavor self destruction as their straight companions. It is evaluated by the Suicide Prevention Resource Center that somewhere in the range of 30 and 40% of LGBT youth have endeavored self destruction. The associations referenced, among numerous other. .selves around individuals with comparable belief systems, without the sentiment of judgment or segregation. The LGBT people group offers various outlets to discover help and backing for individuals inside the network who might be encountering emergency, regardless of whether it be truly, intellectually, or inwardly. Every one of the three presumptions can be upheld by the LGBT people group, while suspicion two and three can be tested from an alternate point of view. There is no uncertainty that the LGBT people group has spared a large number of lives through the span of its history. In spite of the fact that society is easing back moving towards a more LGBT tolerating world, we should in any case cooperate to guarantee that individuals of any sexual-direction or sex are being dealt with similarly. This incorporates guaranteeing that no LGBT individual, paying little heed to their age, sex, religion, or race, are being victimized in the public eye, the work environment, schools and so forth.

QA Part II

QA Part II Time for some more questions: MIT App Mom asked: Maybe its just me, but I am confused about your title Tecker. My son is on a trip with school right now, otherwise I would ask himis this computer terminology for something I dont understand or do you mean Techer as in technology? Heres the story: I went to a school called High Technology High School, and a lot of my friends and I would semi-jokingly refer to us as Techers, Teckers, or Tekkers, depending on your personal spelling preference. So it partly referred to the school and partly referred to technology in the more general sense. Life of a Tecker was the title of my personal blog, which is how Ben first met me last year. So when he created this blog template for me, he named it Life of a Tecker after the first name and I was too lazy/uncreative to think up a new one. It made a lot of sense as my personal blog, since lots of my friends from different schools would read it. Now that I go to MITwellnot so much. Its almost redundant. =) But hey, any suggestions for a new title are more than welcome in comments or email. If you suggest something I really like, I may even pull a Mitra and dedicate an entry to you. Or something. Ajit asked: how are enrolled students accomodated?I mean are they assigned rooms/halls of their preference on first come first serve basis?for example if the nomber of students willing to live single exceeds the availability of rooms acomodating singles, what do MIT staffs do? This, like all other housing questions, is interesting. Thats because MIT has the most insanely complicated housing system ever. Theres no real answer to your question. Once you go through the whole readjustment lottery business and end up in your permenant residence hall, the process varies. In dorms like Next, where there arent such distinct personalities between different areas of the dorm, youre basically entered into a lottery. Youre assigned a number at random, and person #1 gets first pick of the rooms. Once they decide, it goes to person #2. And so on. A lot of dorms have In-House Rush, where you go around and see all the different floors/entries/whatever and fill out a preference sheet indicating your interests. Once youre assigned to your floor, you all sit down in a big group and just work it out. If there are available singles, they sometimes use a lottery. Maybe they just give it to the person with the cooler name. Maybe they have you play Rock-Paper-Scissors. Its all up in the air. I really hope that answers your question, because thats honestly the best I can do. Emi asked: I was wondering if you could tell me what other projects are being developed at the Media Lab because Im particularly interested in it! This is a great question, because it lets me showcase some more cool things about MIT. My advising seminar (Designing Technologies for Kids) is all about the Cricket project. Crickets are currently still being developed (when I played with them 2 weeks ago, they were just completely exposed circuits with no plastic housing) and are basically second-generation Mindstorms. They deviate from Mindstorms in a very important way: instead of presenting kids with pre-designed robots/devices/projects, the goal is to provide kids with the tools to develop their own fun and innovative toys in a super-interactive way. The idea is to provide a kit with the Cricket computer, some motors and sensors, lots of LEGOs, some craft supplies, and user-friendly software that allows kids to write their own programs to control their toy. At the first meeting of our advising seminar, we split into a few groups and set to work making whatever we wanted. One device would just spin around until a loud noise made it switch directions. My partner and I made a little robot than ran around in funny pa tterns with a sensor that told it when it ran into a wall so it could back out. Another group made a catapult out of LEGOs, and the last group had a really neat musical device. They played a beat they created with the software, and used the sound sensor to trigger an LED, so the lights blinked in time with the music. I also went digging around the MIT Media Lab website and found some other cool things, like If youre interested in: more interactive toys similar to the Cricket program or art, youll probably like: The I/O brush, a toy that uses a small video camera to literally capture the colors around you to paint on a screen. Kids get to run around and interact with their environment to look for virtual paint. Neat fact: The brush will let users select a color on the screen and play a few-second video flashback to see where the color came from and what was happening when the color was captured. If youre interested in: things like community service and international relations, youll probably find this one really cool in multi-disciplinary way: The One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Project aims to develop a $100 laptop that can be marketed to education ministeries in developing countries so they can distribute them to their underpriveleged students like textbooks. Talk about trying to save the world. Neat fact: It can be hard to develop connectivity since the developing world may not have much in the way of telecommunication services, so the laptops will constitute their own peer-to-peer network right out of the box. Now heres a really, really cool story. I wrote for my high school newspaper, and I decided to help out the staff at The Tech. I wrote my first story a couple of weeks ago and am currently working on my second. Its pretty cool, since you get to be on the news-writers email list, where people basically gossip about the hearsay around campus. Plus, you have some awesome resources. The editors have been around for awhile, and they know a lot of stuff about the inner workings of the Institute. They need to know where to begin to look for information, so they know a lot about the different administrators, offices, departmentsso its pretty cool to have the chance to pick some of that up. Anyway, the story I wrote was about the MIT Musical Theater Guild, which will be performing 2 numbers from their show Star Wars: Musical Edition to kick off the Boston Museum of Science Star Wars exhibit. (Heres the cool part- theyll be performing in front of George Lucas!) Anyway, while digging around the Media Lab website, I decided to check out their press links. I was making my way down the list and saw that the next link was about the Media Labs role in the Star Wars exhibit and I thought, Hey, I remember reading about that before, I even mentioned it in my article. So I clicked on the link and was immediately re-directed to my article! I was completely shocked. It was the coolest thing ever. I was just messing around on the Media Lab website, looking for cool ideas to tell you about, and happened to stumble across the fact that an article I wrote is linked from the Media Labs press release site! How insanely awesome is that?! It totally made my day. =) Speaking of Star Wars, I will now leave you with one amazing Only at MIT moment: Last night, a bunch of people from my floor (including Sam) went out to the PourHouse Bar and Grill to take full advantage of their brilliant Burger Mania promotion- half price burgers Saturday nights. (Eating at the PourHouse is featured on 101 Things to do Before You Graduate, so I just got to check another one off. Thats always fun.) Anyway, April (my roommate), Meara and Adelaide (the other 2 frosh girls who live in the suite across the hall), Zach 08, Joe (graduation year unknown, at least to me) and I all squeezed into a booth meant for 4 people and started talking about classes we were taking. I believe at some point we started making fun of Joe for being Course 7 (Bio) and went around the table discussing the pros and cons of each others (in most cases prospective) majors. Keep in mind that this conversation included few actual words, since all MIT majors are referred to by number. At some point we managed to switch the conversation Star Wars episode preferences. Adelaide: Oh, 2 is absolutely the worst. I dont like it at all. Zach: What? 2 is was the best! Adelaide: Are you serious? 2 is awful. Or do you mean 5? [Confusion between the original and modern trilogies, you see] Zach: Oh! I see what you mean. Ok yeah, then 5 is definitely my favorite. Joe (who has looked slightly confused the entire time): But they have the worst professors! *confused silence falls, since there are no professors in Star Wars* Zach: Are you still talking about course numbers? Were talking about Star Wars, man. It was a brilliantly MIT moment. We all had a good laugh. (Please note that I cannot possibly vouch for Joes opinion that Course 5 (Chem) has the worst professors, since Im not actually in anything from Course 5. 3.091, as the number suggest, is part of Course 3 (Materials Science and Engineering). I do know that April, who is currently enrolled in 5.111 (another course which satisfies the chemistry GIR, really likes her professor.) So that concludes this weeks QA Session. See you next time for a Woodie Flowers story! (Bonus points to anyone who already knows who that is!)

FAQs About Purchasing and Maintaining a Chainsaw

Small chainsaws  are commonly purchased by rural property owners, tree and timber owners, firewood users and farmers. Often, a new chainsaw owner can become frustrated at the learning curve associated with chainsaw ownership. Here are answers to many questions asked by people planning to buy and operate a chainsaw. This Frequently Asked Questions page is for the new chainsaw owner and addresses the most common concerns about purchasing and maintaining a chainsaw. How to Select a New Chainsaw You should buy only the chainsaw you feel comfortable with. Chainsaw manufacturers are using newer  and lighter materials to build more powerful but durable machines.   Where to Purchase Most foresters and loggers agree and suggest purchasing chainsaws like Stihl, Jonsered or Husqvarna with strong local dealers.  Any reputable brand of chainsaw you purchase with a local dealership servicing that brand can last a long time. How to Learn Operating One There are many great resources on the Internet that can help you operate your saw. The best way is  to place it on flat ground, pull the start control to the on position, and hold the front handle with your left hand as you place your right foot on the rear handle. Make sure to safely review hazards before operating a chainsaw. According to saw expert Carl Smith: If you place your hands on a chainsaw, you must keep in mind that it is like grabbing  a hand grenade without a pin in it. It is very likely to go off in your face. From the moment that you take it out of storage to the time that it goes back to the same place, you can be hurt by either it, or by whatever you will be cutting. Chainsaw Kickbacks and Prevention One in every 12 timbering accidents is caused by chainsaw kickback. If a professional tree feller is at risk, it can definitely happen to a less experienced chainsaw user.  The main focus is to be aware and alert and always wear chainsaw safety clothing. Notice the position of the chainsaw bars nose and chains. Chainsaw Protection Equipment Wearing the proper clothing is one of the best safeguards for you to reduce the possibility of serious injury. Wear sturdy, snug-fitting clothing that gives you complete freedom of movement. The Most Important Parts of a Chainsaw OSHA requires you to have  10 parts on a chainsaw including the chain catcher, flywheel, and the clutch. It is also wise to not buy a  chainsaw bar  thats too short for your average trunk or limb diameter. Mixing Oil With Gas All 2-cycle engines require gas to be mixed with oil. The oil tank is for bar and chain lubricant. Additionally, you really do need to use a quality bar oil as your chainsaw bar oil rather than regular motor oil. This is because the bar and chain oil have a high-tack additive that prevents it from slinging off the chain as it travels. Chainsaw Chipper Vs. Chisel Chain A chipper is a round tooth, round filled chain. It maintains its edge better in dirty cutting. The chisel chain is a square tooth, often ground round and older in design. Filing a Chain When the chips it cuts are no longer chips but dust, or when you have to physically push or force it to cut, you need to sharpen your chain. Depth Gauge Depth gauges are the metal point in front of each tooth on a chainsaw chain. They determine how large a chip the tooth can be taken by the cutter.

Conjugation of the Spanish Verbs Empezar and Comenzar

Its a only a coincidence, but the two most common Spanish verbs meaning to begin are irregular in the same way. The verbs are empezar and comenzar. Both are stem-changing verbs, meaning in this case that the e in the stem changes to ie when stressed. Also, in a change related to pronunciation, the z in the ending changes to c when it is followed by an e or i. This combination of conjugation irregularities is unusual. The only other common verbs using the same pattern are tropezar (to bump or run into) and recomenzar (to begin again). Empezar and comenzar are nearly always interchangeable, although the former is more commonly used. A third synonym, iniciar, is also very common and is conjugated regularly. Comenzar is a cognate of the English verb commence. Empezar does not have an English cognate, although it is related to the English words in and piece. Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Infinitive of Empezar Empezar (to begin) Gerund of Empezar empezando (beginning) Participle of Empezar empezado (begun) Present Indicative of Empezar yo empiezo, tà º empiezas, usted/à ©l/ella empieza, nosotros/as empezamos, vosotros/as empezà ¡is, ustedes/ellos/ellas empiezan (I begin, you begin, he begins, etc.) Preterite of Empezar yo empecà ©, tà º empezaste, usted/à ©l/ella empezà ³, nosotros/as empezamos, vosotros/as empezasteis, ustedes/ellos/ellas empezaron (I began, you began, she began, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Empezar yo empezaba, tà º empezabas, usted/à ©l/ella empezaba, nosotros/as empezà ¡bamos, vosotros/as empezabais, ustedes/ellos/ellas empezaban (I used to begin, you used to begin, he used to begin, etc.) Future Indicative of Empezar yo empezarà ©, tà º empezarà ¡s, usted/à ©l/ella empezarà ¡, nosotros/as empezaremos, vosotros/as empezarà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas empezarà ¡n (I will begin, you will begin, he will begin, etc.) Conditional of Empezar que yo empezarà ­a, que tà º empezarà ­as, que usted/à ©l/ella empezarà ­a, que nosotros/as empezarà ­amos, que vosotros/as empezarà ­ais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas empezarà ­an (I would begin, you would begin, she would begin, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Empezar que yo empiece, que tà º empieces, que usted/à ©l/ella empiece, que nosotros/as empecemos, que vosotros/as empecà ©is, que ustedes/ellos/ellas empiecen (that I begin, that you begin, that she begin, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Empezar que yo empezara (empezase), que tà º empezaras (empezases), que usted/à ©l/ella empezara (empezase), que nosotros/as empezà ¡ramos empezà ¡semos), que vosotros/as empezarais (empezaseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas empezaran (empezasen) (that I began, that you began, that he began, etc.) Imperative of Empezar empieza tà º, no empieces tà º, empiece usted, empecemos nosotros/as, empezad vosotros/as, no empecà ©is vosotros/as, empiecen ustedes (begin, dont begin, begin, lets begin, etc.) Compound Tenses of Empezar The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, empezado. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, empezando. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Empezar and Similar Verbs Vamos a comenzar a establecer nuestra presencia en là ­nea. (Were going to begin to establish our presence online. Infinitive.) Maà ±ana empiezo la dieta. (Tomorrow I begin my diet. Present indicative.) Ahora es cuando comenzamos a ser conscientes del estado crà ­tico en el que se encuentran nuestros. (Now is when we begin to be aware of the critical state in which we find ourselves. Present indicative.) La clase empezà ³ hace una hora. (The class began an hour ago. Preterite.) Los dos jugadores comenzaron a tener dudas sobre su papel en el equipo. (The two players began to have doubts about their role on the team. Preterite.) Muchos empezaban a sentirse desmotivados. (Many were beginning to feel discouraged. Imperfect.)  ¡Feliz cumpleaà ±os! Espero que empieces un nuevo aà ±o lleno de alegrà ­as y buenos momentos. (Happy birthday! I hope you begin a year full of happiness and good times. Present subjunctive.) Mi mamà ¡ espera que yo comience a comer. (My mother hopes I will begin to eat. Present subjunctive.) Sin duda no pasarà ­an muchos meses antes de que comenzaras a sufrir de dolores musculares. (Undoubtedly not many months passed before you began to suffer from muscular pain. Imperfect subjunctive.) Yo habà ­a empezado a leer la novela unos dà ­as antes. (I had begun to read the novel a few days earlier. Pluperfect.) Estamos comenzando la segunda revolucià ³n cuà ¡ntica. (We are beginning the second quantum revolution. Present progressive.) Empieza pronto tu bà ºsqueda de trabajo. (Begin your job search soon. Imperative.)

“Analyzing Political Discourses” Theory and Practice Free Essays

The use of metaphors, repetition of words and biblical references in Obama’s speech of inauguration based on â€Å"Analyzing Political Discourses† Theory and Practice by Paul Chilton Number of Words: 2589 Introduction: Political discourses are made to impress, persuade and to underline ideas to change a country. Politicians use specialized writers to write for them their discourses or use a lot of time to write one, as political discourses are important for the future outcome. For example: To be voted by the people or explain bad situation on an adequate way so that the people don’t offended. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Analyzing Political Discourses† Theory and Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now To achieve this goal, several methods are used. But in this essay I will focus on metaphors, the repetition of specified words and the use of Biblical references, using methods given by Paul Chilton in his book â€Å"Analyzing Political Discourse, Theory and Practice†. As experimental territory I used the inaugural speech of Barrack Obama, which he used for his first candidature to become the president of the United States of America. The Speech by Barrack Obama can be found in the Appendix. My goal is not only to see what and how he used the methods but also what goal he tried to achieve. It is important to have some background information and what the people thought of him. As for America and other parts in the world, Obama stands for a new ideology, he promises America better healthcare, the end of the War and solutions to many problems, always emphasizing that this goal can only achieved as a team/nation but does he succeed to give us this image? What tricks did he use? What is a metaphor? Metaphors are used in political discourses to replace words that the audience doesn’t want to hear or could react badly. But what is a metaphor? In literary use, a metaphor (from the Greek: metapherin rhetorical trope)[1] is defined as an indirect comparison between two or more subjects that are typically linked by a â€Å"is a† to join the two subjects. As an example we can take following sentence: † This Man is a beast â€Å". This is an elliptical form to emphasize the sentence that the Man is like a beast. Paul Chilton is the opinion that, Metaphors, qua models of political realities, as he calls them, are part of political discourses of today and used as vehicles to bring an opinion to a target. [2] We realize now that all of us speak in metaphors whether we realize it or not. For example Mark Johnson, a philosopher, suggests that metaphors not only make our thoughts more vivid and interesting but that they actually structure and individualize our perceptions and understanding such that each person has a different understanding and thoughts about a common subject. [3] Metaphor is for many people a device of poetic and rhetorical imagination and development rather than the ordinary language, which is wrong as proven above. Metaphor analysis in Barrack Obama’s Speech: In the following points I will reveal several metaphors Obama used and will try to reveal why he used them. But also the Biblical references used as a metaphor, or as a bridge to transfer his Ideas. 1. CHANGE IS A MOVEMENT Citation out of the Speech: 1) â€Å"Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. â€Å" 2) â€Å"The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works – whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. † In the first citation â€Å"rising tides† and â€Å"still waters† are used as source domains, whereas the target domain is the word â€Å"prosperity† and â€Å"peace†. As it can be seen in the phrases: â€Å"rising tides of prosperity† and â€Å"the still waters of peace† here, the movement is a change of location (rising) or a stationary moment (still). If it involves a movement as change of location, it can be associated with the words: forward, backward, upward, downward, etc†¦ so different directions and movements. The â€Å"rising tide of prosperity† can be seen as a state of prosperity that has moved and is changing, while peace has still not changed. This movement of which Obama is talking about can also be seen as a: flow of natural force (â€Å"the rising tides†) and substance (â€Å"still waters†). In the metaphorical expression in citation 2) the part which acts as source is the phrase â€Å"We intend to move forward† and â€Å"programs will end† where Obama is talking about the ideas of the US-government to provide jobs and a better social warranty. [4] In both metaphorical expressions, I think Obama wants to tell us that all presidents of America had taken the presidential oath to develop America. All of their effort had the aim of raising economic development and prosperity and that all of these can only be achieved as a nation with a strong political support from the people. So, the â€Å"WE† as a nation, which he uses a lot in his speeches. 2. POLITIC IS A JOURNEY 1) This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. 2) Our journey has never been one of short cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted – for those who prefer leisure to work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things – some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, which have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom. In the metaphorical expression of the first citation the part which acts as a source domain is the phrase: â€Å"This is the journey we continue today† whereas the focus of the citation is the American Political life. By saying the sentence â€Å"This is the journey we continue today† gave me the impression that the American people are compared to travelers having a journey to a certain destination. Even though we know that politics is no journey as such but can be seen as such in a metaphorical way. In the metaphorical expression of the second citation the part that interacts as source is the phrase â€Å"Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted† whereas the target is also the American political life, like in the first citation with another connotation but keeping the idea of a journey in mind. We can see that in both citations have the same idea of a journey which is given to the audience. The idea behind is that the audiences who are involved in political life are like travelers on a journey, with their common need in life seen as the goal of this journey. The political activities and relation is their vehicle used to reach the goal of common interest. [5] 3. BIBLICAL REFERANCES AS A LIFESTYLE The citations I used here are taken again in a separate chapter using the theoretical rapprochement given by Paul Chilton in part III chapter 10. 1)â€Å"We remain a young nation, but, in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. † 2) â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres. Love never fails. † In the 1st citation the source domain given is the phrase â€Å"time has come to set aside childish things† where he targets the lifestyle of the Americans. It gives the impression that the fights they had about political problems are childish and that they should focus to strive a common goal. In the second citation he uses the same idea, again using a citation out of a religious text using as source domain â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking† like before the target is the lifestyle of the Americans which Obama criticizes. It is clear that through these citations Obama tries to reason the population quoting biblical references. Comparing America with childhood and telling them that through love only, again the idea of working together, all goals can be achieved. I wont go deeper into this comparison as I will come back to it later on in the text. Frequency of words: To see what words Obama used in his speech frequently and how many times we had to know how many words are in his whole speech, which lies around 2403 words. As such I was able to give the percentage of the most used words. The word Obama laid the most emphasizes is â€Å"WE† which he used 62 times, which can be understood as his speech is about working together as a nation and is also a word used in his slogan: â€Å"Yes WE can†. Other words he used frequently are:[6] KeywordRepeatsDensity Nation 12 0,50 New 11 0,46 America 9 0,37 Today 7 0,29 People 7 0,29 The repetition of these words sticks with the listeners as such the listener will always remember this words and will combine them with the discourse of Obama. As for mind manipulation it is the repetition that stays in our mind. [7]When we are learning or looking at advertisements or when we are learning a song, we always repeat them until we know them by heart. In the case of marketing the advertisements are kept easy and shown more than one so that they stick in our minds and when we have to choose between two product we will chose the one we â€Å"know† or that we can remember of. The same is in political discourses. The more often it is repeated the more we will remember them and believe them. In Obama’s case using the words Nation, New etc†¦ he tries to underline the idea of freshness in the United States and that it can only work as a NATION. As all presidents the repetition of AMERICA, motivates the American listeners and they feel directly talked to, strengthening also the bond between the people and the nation. Paul Chilton underlines in his book that discourses often use a container concept, which is created by the words used. This container ideology is divided in three structures: in interior and a exterior which are defined by a boundary which are formed in political discourses to a container- nation with political borders given by the speech. As such it is able for politicians to give the fault to others, outside of the container while securing the interior of the container. Analysis of Biblical references Apparently it is customary in American political discourse to employ biblical language[8], which is an inherent part of the old American public way of speaking. However, given that Obama is a non-traditional and liberal candidate for president,[9] it is even more interesting to analyze the biblical references he used and give possible explanations why used following citations for his speech. â€Å"We remain a young nation, but, in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. † Obama quoted here, the New Testament, 1 Corinthians 13:11, dealing with St. Paul’s letter to the church in Corinth. The goal he tried to achieve of this particular example is to also aims at the Muslim, Jewish, Hindu and non-believing Americans, to include them too into the speech, for it is a text that is usually read at wedding ceremonies and is not specified to one religion specifically, as it speaks about true love in the following manner: â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes an always perseveres. Love never fails. † (1 Corinthians, 13:4) â€Å"When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me. Now we see but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love. † (1 Corinthians, 13:11) These Letters were written by St. Paul to the church in Corinth in the times of internal struggles and divisions in the church, and when the church was hreatened by immoral influences surrounding the community. St. Paul’s letter was a letter of criticism and implorement to the Corinthians to stop the arguing and fighting around different problems and embrace, what he called, the most important virtue: love. [10] The choice of this particular biblical reference could be perceived as Obama’s attempt to spread the ideology of love â€Å"loving thy neighbor† so that the American people can embrace a notion of racial inclusiveness and ideological diversity, necessary in the time of economic and international crises. Again we can find the idea of a â€Å"WE†. Conclusion: It is now obvious that Paul Chilton theory can be applied. We can see that it is the play together of the different methods and many more make a discourse unique and manipulative. But it is important to know in which context the discourse has been written as the context can change the words, emotions and message in a political discourse. In Obama’s speech we can find the concept of pragmatism, liberalism, inclusiveness, acceptance of religious and ethnic diversity and unity. As such the result of keywords of his run for presidency. This is shown by the prominent words employed by Obama: nation, new and America, and a overall dominance of the personal pronoun We understood as necessary in the time of national peril†¦ The results of the biblical references, which Paul Chilton explains as â€Å"only† way to motivate and capture America’s population, have shown that Obama’s choice of citations (quoting the Corinthians) was to strengthen the notion of unity and brotherly love among the various members of the American diverse society. As such we can see that his methods were well used and can be found by the methods of Paul Chilton. Obama stands for his candidature through his speech and ideology, world wide as a new wind for America that will rebuild and strengthen the country. And we have to remember that Obama is the first president that has been accepted as young and black person as president. Sources Primary source: Analyzing Political Discourse, Theory and Practice, Paul Chilton, Routledge, 2004 Bibliography: – Article Discourse Society January 1993 vol. 4 no. 1 7-31 : Metaphor in Political Discourse: The Case of the `Common European House’ by Paul Chilton and Mikhail Ilyin Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics, University of Chicago, 1993. Secondary Sources: – University of Louisville, Article by Judith D. Fischer: http://www. law. louisville. edu/node/2720 – Online Document, Critical Discourse Analysis by Juraj Harvath: https://docs. google. com/viewer? a=v=cache:j-4vhWbO6a8J:www. pulib. sk/elpub2/FF/Ferencik2/pdf_doc/6. pdf+=de=lu=bl=ADGEESgDn7GSv6cJ cZ6acGq5vk-rpp0mNE_qyGy5vUUCMEdg4d1M9efiWLiSgl3CRzYChNf3gQkZQ-saUZib0C5oBU-XVpDkee3pDul94RL3VlIR6nWc4j-OIJTNBkD9oZuSmxh4ybhM=AHIEtbRfcX_PIha4KZfnvwVFTzxPnRNSDA – Obama, the Lion in Winter: ttp://www. exec-comms. com/blog/2009/01/20/obama-the-lion-in-winter/ -5 Speechwriting Lessons from Obama’s Inaugural Speech by Andrew Dlugan: http://sixminutes. dlugan. com/inauguration-speech-analysis-barack-obama-inaugural/ – Online Document: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Barack Obama’s Speeches By Junling Wang: https://docs. google. com/viewer? a=v=cache:HzMPBXpzbW8J:ojs. academypublisher. com/index. php/jltr/article/download/0103254261/1807+=de=lu=bl=ADGEEShaYaCyse11UxuFQk1KY0Zb0oOh15Ng1vgnuIdLSpdkL4Ia5nqoDh1DV-aO46J-bKQV9Fyfc3mz1MrZ5VTIrAnm85bmHXzt4cJZgNLYXFeuExE4wl1-SjUvUuEWd78WR0ji I5aV=AHIEtbT3Yd_sOMwtzg1_LtcSsaQh2FbYGw – Wikipedia article about metaphors: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Metaphor visited on 21 November 2012 – St Paul’s Letters: http://biblescripture. net/1Corinthians. html Apendix: The whole speech of Obama can be found on BBC: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/americas/obama_inauguration/7840646. stm ———————– [1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Metaphor, visited on 21 November 2012 [2] Paul Chilton, Analyzing political discourses, Page 49 [3] Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics, University of Chicago, 1993. 4] Obama, the Lion in Winter: http://www. exec-comms. com/blog/2009/01/20/obama-the-lion-in-winter/ [5] Paul Chilton, Analyzing political discourses, Page 51 [6] Statistics taken out of: Critical discourse analysis by Juraj Harvath (controlled by myself again) [7] A Critical Discourse Analysis of Barack Obama’s Speeches By Junling Wang [8] Paul Chilton, Analyzing political discourses, Page 174 [9] Obama, the Lion in Winter: http://www. exec-comms. com/blog/2009/01/20/obama-the-lion-in-winter/ [10] St Paul’s Letters: http://biblescripture. net/1Corinthians. html How to cite â€Å"Analyzing Political Discourses† Theory and Practice, Essay examples

World War I, 1914

World War I, 1914-18, also called the Great War, c Essay onflict, chiefly inEurope, among most of the worlds great powers. On one side were the Allies(chiefly France, Britain, Russia, and the U.S.); on the other were theCentral Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey). Prominent among thewars causes were the imperialist, territorial, and economic rivalries ofthe great powers. The German empire in particular was determined toestablish itself as the preeminent power on the Continent. The Germans werealso intent on challenging the naval superiority of Britain. However, itwas rampant nationalism-especially evident in the Austro-Hungarian empire-that furnished the immediate cause of hostilities. On June 28, 1914,Archduke FRANCIS FERDINAND, heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne,was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist. One month later,after its humiliating demands were refused, Austria-Hungary declared war onSerbia. Other declarations of war followed quickly, and soon every majorpower in Europe was in the war. On the Wes tern Front, the Germans smashedthrough Belgium, advanced on Paris, and approached the English Channel. We will write a custom essay on World War I, 1914-18, also called the Great War, c specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the first battles of the MARNE and YPRES, however, the Germans becamestalled. Grueling trench warfare and the use of poison gas began all alongthe front, and for the next three years the battle lines remained virtuallystationary despite huge casualties at VERDUN and in the Somme offensiveduring 1916. On the Eastern Front, the Central Powers were more successful. The Germans defeated (Aug.-Sept. 1914) the Russians at Tannenberg and theMasurian Lakes. Serbia and Montenegro fell by the end of 1915. In thesouth, the Italian campaigns were inconclusive, though they benefited theAllied cause by keeping large numbers of Austrian troops tied down there. In Turkey, the Allies ambitious Gallipolli Campaign (1915), an attempt toforce Turkey out of the war, was a costly failure. In the Middle East, T.E. LAWRENCE stirred Arab revolt against Turkey. U.S. neutrality had beenthreatened since 1915, when the British ship LUSITANIA was sunk. By 1917unrestricted German submarine warfare had caused the U.S. to enter the waron the side of the Allies. An American Expeditionary Force, commanded byGen. PERSHING, landed in France and saw its first action at Chteau-Thierry(June 1917). In Mar. 1918 the new Soviet government signed the Treaty ofBREST-LITOVSK with the Central Powers. The Germans were stopped just shortof Paris in the second battle of the Marne, and an Allied counteroffensivewas successful. The Turkish and Austro-Hungarian empires, disintegratingfrom within, surrendered to the Allies, as did Bulgaria. After revolutionerupted in Germany, the armistice was signed on Nov. 11, 1918. The Treatyof VERSAILLES and the other treaties that ended the war changed the face ofEurope and the Middle East. Four great empires-Germany, Austria-Hungary,Russia, and Turkey-had disappeared by the end of the war. Replacing themwere governments ranging from monarchies and sheikhdoms throughconstitutional republics to the Marxist socialist state of the USSR. Thewar itself had been one of the bloodiest in history, without a singledecisive battle. A total of 65 million men and women had served in thearmies and navies; an estimated 10 million persons had been killed anddouble that number wounded. Such statistics contributed to a generalrevulsion against war, leading many to put their trust in multinationaldisarmament pacts and in the newly formed LEAGUE OF NATIONS.